![]() Gonzalez S, Lopez-Roldan R, Cortina J L.Chromate removal from aqueous wastes by reduction with ferrous iron. Kinetics of chromium(III) oxidation to chromium(VI) by reaction with manganese dioxide. Occurrence and distribution of hexavalent chromium in groundwater from North Carolina, USA. Coyte R, McKinley K L, Jiang S, Karr J, Dryer G S, Keyworth A J, Davis C C, Kondash A J, Vengosh A.Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels containing Cr, Co and W in synthetic potable water. Photochemical removal of hexavalent chromium and nitrate from ion-exchange brine waste using carbon-centered radicals. Photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium by newly designed and highly reductive TiO 2 nanocrystals. Oxidation of Cr(III)-Fe(III) mixed-phase hydroxides by chlorine: Implications on the control of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI) formation via the oxidation of Cr(III) solid phases by chlorine in drinking water. Frontier review: Occurrence and speciation of chromium in drinking water distribution systems. Journal-American Water Works Association. Hexavalent chromium treatment implementation in Glendale, Calif. Blute N, Wu X Y, Cron C, Abueg R, Froelich D, Fong L.His research group focuses on water chemistry, water reuse and treatment, desalination, environmental remediation and electrochemistry. at University of Washington, USA, and a postdoctoral training at UC Berkeley, USA. Haizhou Liu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at University of California, Riverside, USA. She is interested in environmental sustainability, bioremediation and state-of-the-art detection technologies including biosensors.ĭr. She joined the Department of Biochemistry at UC Riverside as a postdoctoral researcher in 2018. at University of California, Riverside, USA. Key challenges include residual waste, Cr(VI) regeneration and socioeconomic drivers.ĭr.Sn(II)-based and TiO 2-based reductive treatments hold extreme promise.Elucidate Redox and equilibrium chemistry of Cr (VI).A strong dependence of occurrence on ground-water sources.Wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water.To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future. To overcome these challenges, reductive Cr(VI) treatment technologies based on the application of stannous tin or electron-releasing titanium dioxide photocatalyst hold extreme promise in the future. ![]() Challenges regarding traditional Cr(VI) treatment include chemical cost, generation of secondary waste and inadvertent re-generation of Cr(VI) after treatment. There is a wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water, with a strong dependence on groundwater sources, mainly due to naturally weathering of chromium-containing aquifers. This Account presented a critical analysis of the sources and occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water in the United States, analyzed the equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI) species, summarized important redox reaction relevant to the fate of Cr(VI) in drinking water, and critically reviewed emerging Cr(VI) treatment technologies. Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards.
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